Effects of short-term cold exposures on blood leukocyte parameters in rats of different ages
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15407/cryo35.03.123Keywords:
blood leukocytes, cold adaptation, short-term cold exposure, immune system, ageAbstract
The short-term intermittent cold exposures (STCE) at 10 and –12°C on the ratio of leukocyte types in the blood of 6-, 12-, and 24-month-old rats, as well as the changes in integral leukocyte indices (ILIs) were studied. Under both STCE regimens, the total number of leukocytes in 6-month-old animals increased, while in 12- and 24-month-old ones it decreased, the percentage of segmented neutrophils in all age groups augmented, and that of lymphocytes reduced. The allergization and immunoreactivity indices decreased, and cellular immunity predominated (except for 24-month-old rats at –12°C). After STCE 10°C, the Garkavi adaptation index decreased in rats of all age groups, but at STCE –12°C it reduced in 6-month-old ones only. The innate immunity was activated in rats of all age groups at 10°C, but at –12° it was only in 6- and 12-month-old animals. Under both STCE regimens, the 6- and 12-month-old rats showed decreased adaptive immunity and increased inflammation. Changes in ILIs after STCE –12°C were the highest in 6-month-old animals and the lowest in 24-month-old ones.
Probl Cryobiol Cryomed. 2025; 35(3): 123—129
References
Błażejczyk K, Broede P, Fiala D, et al. Principles of the New Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) and its application to bioclimatic research in european scale. Miscellanea Geographica. 2010; 14(1): 91-102. CrossRef
Buonacera A, Stancanelli B, Colaci M, Malatino L. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio: An emerging marker of the relationships between the immune system and diseases. Int J Mol Sci. [Internet]. 26 March 2022; [cite Feb 2 2024]; 23(7): 3636. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/7/3636 CrossRef
Dale DC, Boxer L, Liles WC. The phagocytes: neutrophils and monocytes. Blood. 2008; 112(4): 935-45. CrossRef
De Maeyer RPH, Chambers ES. The impact of ageing on monocytes and macrophages. Immunol Lett. 2021; 230:1-10. CrossRef
Dong CH, Wang ZM, Chen SY. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio predict mortality and major adverse cardiac events in acute coronary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Biochem. 2018; 52: 131-6. CrossRef
Dues DJ, Andrews EK, Schaar CE, et al. Aging causes decreased resistance to multiple stresses and a failure to activate specific stress response pathways. Aging (Albany NY). 2016; 8(4): 777-95. CrossRef
Eimonte M, Paulauskas H, Daniuseviciute L, et al. Residual effects of short-term whole-body cold-water immersion on the cytokine profile, white blood cell count, and blood markers of stress. Int J Hyperthermia. 2021; 38(1): 696-707. CrossRef
Hogan SP, Rosenberg HF, Moqbel R, et al. Eosinophils: biological properties and role in health and disease. Clin Exp Allergy. 2008; 38(5): 709-50. CrossRef
Klion AD, Ackerman SJ, Bochner BS. Contributions of еosinophils to human health and disease. Annu Rev Pathol. 2020; 15: 179-209. CrossRef
Kolaczkowska E, Kubes P. Neutrophil recruitment and function in health and inflammation. Nat Rev Immunol. 2013; 13(3): 159-75. CrossRef
Li JJX, Ni SYB, Tsang JYS, et al. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio reflects tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes and tumour-associated macrophages and independently predicts poor outcome in breast cancers with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Histopathology. 2024; 84(5): 810-21. CrossRef
Lomako VV. Blood leukocyte indices in male rats of different ages. Adv Gerontol. 2020; 10(2): 135-41. CrossRef
Lomako VV. Сhanges in blood leukocyte composition in rats of different ages after long-term cold adaptation. Probl Cryobiol Cryomed. 2023; 33(4): 268-73. CrossRef
Long H, Liao W, Wang L, Lu Q. A player and coordinator: the versatile roles of eosinophils in the immune system. Transfus Med Hemother. 2016; 43(2): 96-108. CrossRef
Makinen TM. Different types of cold adaptation in humans. Front Biosci. 2010; 2(3): 1047-67. CrossRef
Omman RA, Kini AR. Leukocyte. Development, kinetics, and functions Chapter 9. In: Keohane EM, Walluga JM, Otto CN. Rodax's hematology. Clinical principles and applicatios. 6th ed. St Louis: Elsevier; 2020. p 117-35. CrossRef
Tekin S, Avcı E, Nar R, et al. Are monocyte/HDL, lymphocyte/monocyte and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratios prognostic or follow up markers in ischemic cerebrovascular patients? J Basic Clin Health Sci. 2020; 4(1): 38-43. CrossRef
Wang HK, Wei Q, Yang YL, et al. Clinical usefulness of the lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio and aggregate index of systemic inflammation in patients with esophageal cancer: A retrospective cohort study. Cancer Cell Inter. [Internet]. 2023 27 Jan; [cite Feb 2 2024]; 23(1): 13. Available from: https://cancerci.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12935-023-02856-3 CrossRef
Zahorec R. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, past, present and future perspectives. Bratislava Medical Journal. 2021; 122(7): 474-88. CrossRef
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
